Litho strip with high cold-rolling pass reduction

ABSTRACT

Provided is a method for production of an aluminium strip for lithographic printing plate supports from an aluminium alloy including (in wt %): 0.05%≤Si≤0.25%, 0.2%≤Fe≤1%, Cu max. 400 ppm, Mn≤0.30%, 0.10%≤Mg≤0.50%, Cr≤100 ppm, Zn≤500 ppm, Ti&lt;0.030%, the remainder aluminium and unavoidable impurities individually at most 0.03%, in total at most 0.15%. In the method, a rolling ingot is cast from an aluminium alloy, and the rolling ingot is homogenised. Further, the rolling ingot is hot rolled to a hot strip final thickness, and the hot strip is cold rolled to final thickness of between 0.1 mm and 0.5 mm. The product of the relative final thicknesses of the aluminium strip after the first and after the second cold rolling pass of the aluminium strip is 15% to 24%.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATIONS

This patent application is a continuation of PCT/EP2017/059261, filedApr. 19, 2017, which claims priority to European Application No.16166182.2, filed Apr. 20, 2016, the entire teachings and disclosure ofwhich are incorporated herein by reference thereto.

FIELD

The invention concerns a method for production of an aluminium strip forlithographic printing plate supports from an aluminium alloy, whereinthe aluminium alloy of the aluminium strip for lithographic printingplate supports comprises the following alloy constituents in % byweight:

0.05%≤Si≤0.25%,

0.2%≤Fe≤1%,

Cu max. 400 ppm,

Mn≤0.30%,

0.10%≤Mg≤0.50%

Cr≤100 ppm,

Zn≤500 ppm,

Ti<0.030%,

the remainder aluminium and unavoidable impurities individually at most0.03%, in total at most 0.15%, with at least the following steps:

-   -   casting of a rolling ingot from an aluminium alloy,    -   homogenising of the rolling ingot,    -   hot rolling of the rolling ingot to a hot strip final thickness,        and    -   cold rolling of the hot strip to final thickness, wherein the        final thickness after cold rolling is between 0.1 mm and 0.5 mm.

BACKGROUND

Aluminium strips must fulfil a plurality of requirements simultaneouslyin order to provide an adequate quality for lithographic printing platesupports. One of the most important properties of the aluminium strip,which must be fulfilled, is homogenous behaviour in an electrochemicalroughening. A superficial roughening of the aluminium strip must lead toan unstructured appearance of the aluminium strip with no streakinesseffects. A photosensitive layer is applied to the roughened structure,which depending on the type of application, is burned in afterapplication at a temperature of 220° C. to 300° C. for between 3 and 10minutes. Typical combinations of burn-in times are for example 240° C.for 10 minutes, 260° C. for 6 minutes, 270° C. for 7 minutes, and 280°C. for 4 minutes. The strength loss of the printing plate supports afterburning in must be minimal, so that they can still be handled well andclamped easily in the printing apparatus. In the case of large formatprinting plate supports in particular, handling after burning in thephotosensitive layer causes a problem. Finally, the printing plate mustlater, during use, survive as many printing cycles as possible so thatthe aluminium strip must have as high a flexural fatigue strength aspossible. As well as these general requirements for the use of aprinting plate support, for example European patent application EP 2 192202 A1 investigates how an aluminium alloy strip can be set to a desiredfinal strength, so that for example a coil set present in the aluminiumstrip can be eliminated again and at the same time high alternatingbending cycles and good roughening properties can be provided. Theobject could be achieved here by the selection of the intermediateannealing thickness depending on the aluminium alloy composition.

DE 699 20 831 T2 describes a method for producing strips forlithographic printing plate supports in which a magnesium-free aluminiumalloy is processed using cold rolling passes with pass reductions above50%. Magnesium contents above 0.02% by weight are consideredproblematical in relation to recovery of the cold-rolled strip and theoccurrence of excessively high strengths after cold rolling.

JP H11229101 also discloses the processing of magnesium-free aluminiumalloys, which contain magnesium solely as a contaminant with levels ofmaximum 0.05% by weight. Higher magnesium contents are consideredproblematical.

In the production of aluminium strips for lithographic printing platesupports, today the main focus lies on aluminium alloys which containmagnesium. It has been found that magnesium offers advantages inparticular in relation to fatigue strength when using the printing platesupports and the roughening of the printing plates. Therefore, magnesiumis added to the aluminium alloy up to a precisely defined level.

A further focus of development is the production costs for the printingplate supports. By minimising the layer thickness of the photosensitivelayer and the thicknesses of the support materials for the printingplates, i.e. the thickness of the aluminium strip for lithographicprinting plate supports, to less than 0.3 mm, optimisation has alreadybeen achieved in relation to production costs in manufacture. Inproduction of lithographic sheets, cold rolling is considered criticalsince it is the final process which determines the surface topography ofthe lithographic sheet. For cold rolling, working rolls achieving aso-called “mill finish” surface, i.e. polished working rolls, are used.Because of the very high requirements for the later surface quality,cold rolling frequently takes place on roll stands with a single coldrolling pass using the following steps:

-   -   uncoiling of the aluminium strip from a coil with an uncoiling        reel,    -   rolling of the aluminium strip using a roll stand with a single        cold rolling pass, and coiling of the cold-rolled aluminium        strip.

Because of the temperature development in cold rolling due to theforming energy applied, strips for lithographic printing plate supportsare not usually rolled in roll stands with multiple passes. Maximumcontrol of the individual cold rolling passes is desired. With a singlecold rolling pass, it is sometimes however necessary to cool the stripsin the coil after each cold rolling pass until they can be subjected tothe next cold rolling pass. If the pass reduction in a cold rolling passis too high, material can break away from the surface of the aluminiumstrip in regions, which leads to surface defects or a streaky appearanceof the surface. Because of the risk of surface defects, the specialistsector has previously turned away from using high pass reductions aboveapproximately 50% pass reduction per cold rolling pass in the case ofmagnesium-containing aluminium alloys. As a result, in typicalproduction of lithographic printing plate supports with finalthicknesses in the range 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm, previously at least four coldrolling passes were required.

On this basis, the object of the present invention is to provide amethod for producing an aluminium strip for lithographic printing platesupports comprising magnesium-containing aluminium alloys, with whichaluminium strips for lithographic printing plate supports can beproduced with high quality and costs can be reduced at the same time.

BRIEF SUMMARY

According to a first teaching of the present invention, theabove-mentioned object is achieved, for a method for production of analuminium strip for lithographic printing plate supports, in that oncold rolling of the hot strip, the product of the relative finalthicknesses of the aluminium strip after the first and after the secondcold rolling pass of the aluminium strip amounts to 15% to 24%,preferably 17% to 22%.

The relative final thickness (b) after a cold rolling pass in this casemeans the thickness of the aluminium strip after a cold rolling pass inrelation to the original thickness before the cold rolling pass as apercentage, i.e. the quotient of the resulting thickness and thestarting thickness. The relative final thickness results from the passreduction a of the respective cold rolling pass, which is also given asa percentage, as follows:

b ₁=100%−a ₁.

The product P of the relative final thicknesses b₁ and b₂ of the firstand second cold rolling passes then gives the relative final thicknessin relation to the starting thickness before both cold rolling passes,and hence a measure for the thickness reduction of the aluminium stripduring the first two cold rolling passes in relation to the startingthickness of the aluminium strip before cold rolling, as follows:

P=b ₁ ·b ₂=(100%−a ₁)·(100%−a ₂),

wherein a₁ and a₂ are the respective pass reductions of the first andsecond cold rolling passes as a percentage.

Optimising the first two cold rolling passes so that the product P ofthe relative final thicknesses after the first and after the second coldrolling pass lies between 15% and 24%, preferably 17% to 22%, has shownthat, by targeted selection of higher pass reductionsin the first and/orsecond cold rolling pass, the thickness reduction of the aluminium stripin the first two cold rolling passes provides the possibility ofomitting one complete cold rolling pass in the production process.Surprisingly, it was found that, despite the higher pass reductions, thesurface quality still gives acceptable results in relation tostreakiness, and hence one cold rolling pass can be reliably omitted.This result affects the production of lithographic sheets whichpreviously required three, four or five cold rolling passes because ofthe hot strip final thickness and the final thickness after coldrolling. Thus, a method can be provided for production of an aluminiumstrip for lithographic printing plate supports which allows a reductionin production costs. Indeed, the reduction in production costs alsoapplies to a roll stand with multiple pass reductions because of areduced number of cold rolls to be used in the stand. The economiceffect is however greater if a roll stand with just one cold rollingpass is used. These roll stands, as already stated, are normally used incold rolling of aluminium strips in order to achieve very high surfacequalities. In this case, the hot-rolled aluminium strip preferablyundergoes the following working steps while observing the requirementsfor the product of the first two cold rolling passes:

-   -   uncoiling of the aluminium strip from a coil with an uncoiling        reel,    -   rolling of the aluminium strip using a roll stand with a single        cold rolling pass, and    -   coiling of the cold-rolled aluminium strip.

A preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention isprovided in that on cold rolling of the hot strip, the product of therelative final thicknesses of the aluminium strip after the first andafter the second cold rolling pass is preferably 17% to 20%. Thisachieves a good compromise in relation to process reliability for theprovision of high surface qualities and the possibility of omitting acold rolling pass.

According to a further embodiment of the method, production of analuminium strip with a final thickness of 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm after coldrolling may take place in two or three cold rolling passes if the hotstrip final thickness amounts to 2.3 mm to 3.7 mm, preferably 2.5 mm to3.0 mm. Below 2.3 mm, there is a risk that on hot strip production, thehot strip can collapse during coiling. Above 3.7 mm hot strip finalthickness, the pass reductions for the first or second cold rolling passwould have to be set too high in order to reduce the number of coldrolling passes. If the cold rolling pass reduction is too high, there isnot only a risk of surface defects on the aluminium strip but also arisk of damaging the cold roll itself. A hot strip final thickness from2.5 mm to 3.0 mm prevents both collapse of the hot strip and the use ofexcessively high pass reductions in cold rolling.

In order to achieve the relative final thicknesses of the aluminiumstrip of 15% to 24%, preferably 17% to 22%, during the first two coldrolling passes while reliably avoiding surface defects and danger to thecold roll, according to a further embodiment of the method, on coldrolling, preferably the first cold rolling pass is performed with a passreduction of maximum 65%, preferably maximum 60%. It has been found thatabove a pass reduction of 65% in the first cold rolling pass after hotrolling, the risk of surface defects rises significantly. Preferably,with a maximum 60% pass reduction in the first cold rolling pass, evenmore homogenous surfaces are achieved in the aluminium strip.

In relation to the second cold rolling pass, it was found that thispreferably has a pass reduction of maximum 60% in order to reliablyavoid corresponding defects in the final product process. The secondcold rolling pass is therefore more critical in relation to surfacequality.

Both the first and the second cold rolling pass preferably have passreductions of over 50%, since in this way the pass reductions forachieving the desired relative final thicknesses can be betterdistributed between the two cold rolling passes. In total then, in bothcold rolling passes, no maximum pass reductions are required.

According to a further embodiment of the method according to theinvention, three cold rolling passes to final thickness are performed,wherein the final thickness of the aluminium strip after cold rolling is0.2 mm to 0.4 mm. For these final thicknesses, previously usually atleast four cold rolling passes were required. In particular for finalthicknesses from 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm, thus a method may be provided whichhas reduced costs as well as an adequate surface quality.

Preferably, according to a further embodiment of the method according tothe invention, four cold rolling passes to final thickness areperformed, wherein the final thickness of the aluminium strip after coldrolling is less than 0.2 mm. For strips for lithographic printing platesupports with final thicknesses from 0.1 mm to less than 0.2 mm,previously five cold rolling passes were required. Here again, themethod according to the invention may contribute to reducing costs.

A further potential for saving production costs may be achieved if,during cold rolling, no intermediate annealing is performed. It has beenfound that, despite omitting a cold rolling pass, aluminium strips instate H19 may be provided, the surface quality and further mechanicalproperties of which are adequate for the production of lithographicprinting plate supports. As an alternative to the production ofaluminium strips in state H19, aluminium strips with intermediateannealing in state H18 may be produced according to the invention. Thethird or fourth cold rolling pass, preferably the last cold rolling passof the cold rolling, preferably has a maximum pass reduction of 52%, sothat the third or fourth or last cold rolling pass—which has a greaterinfluence on the surface—has as little influence as possible on thesurface quality of the aluminium strip.

The cost-efficient production method is performed according to theinvention with an aluminium strip consisting of an aluminium alloy withthe following alloy constituents in % by weight:

0.05%≤Si≤0.25%,

0.2%≤Fe≤1%, preferably 0.3%≤Fe≤1%, particularly preferably 0.3%≤Fe≤0.6%or 0.4%≤Fe≤0.6%,

Cu maximum 400 ppm, preferably maximum 100 ppm,

Mn≤0.30%, optionally 30 ppm to 800 ppm,

0.10%≤Mg≤0.50%, 0.15%≤Mg≤0.45%, preferably 0.24%≤Mg≤0.45%,

Cr maximum 100 ppm, preferably maximum 50 ppm,

Zn≤0.05%, preferably 50 ppm to 250 ppm,

Ti<0.030%,

the remainder aluminium and unavoidable impurities individually at most0.03%, in total at most 0.15%.

It has been found that aluminium strips with the given composition ofthe aluminium alloy are particularly well suited for the methodaccording to the invention. Experiments with the alloy specificationhave shown that on use of the method according to the invention, asufficiently good surface can be provided which has no tendency tostreakiness yet allows the omission of one cold rolling pass. It isassumed that this result is attributable amongst others to the overallcombination of the alloy composition. The selected range of the alloyconstituent silicon, from 0.05% by weight to 0.25% by weight, guaranteesthat on electrochemical roughening, a high number of sufficiently deepdepressions can be made in the aluminium strip to guarantee an optimumadhesion of the photosensitive layer. The iron content of 0.2%≤Fe≤1%,preferably 0.3%≤Fe≤1%, particularly preferably 0.3%≤Fe≤0.6% or0.4%≤Fe≤0.6%, in combination in particular with the manganese proportionof up to maximum 0.30% by weight, ensures an aluminium alloy which is asheat-resistant as possible and which, after burning in thephotosensitive layer, only has a slight loss of strength in relation tolimit of elasticity and tensile strength. The copper content of maximum400 ppm, preferably maximum 100 ppm, particularly preferably maximum 50ppm, is particularly low since copper has a negative effect on theroughening behaviour of the aluminium strip. The preferred manganesecontent of up to 0.30% by weight, preferably 30 ppm to 800 ppm—asalready stated—in combination with the iron content guarantees animproved heat resistance of the aluminium strip after a burn-in processand has a positive influence on the flexural fatigue strength of thealuminium strip. The magnesium content of 0.10% to 0.5% by weight,preferably 0.15% to 0.45% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.24%to 0.45% by weight, leads to a strength increase on cold rolling becauseof the strain hardening, and also offers the advantage of good flexuralfatigue strength even in the as-rolled state. The aluminium alloy alsopreferably contains almost no chromium. The chromium content is limitedto maximum 100 ppm, preferably maximum 50 ppm. Higher chromium contentshave proved to have a negative effect on the roughening properties ofthe aluminium strip during electrochemical roughening. Zinc lowers theelectrochemical potential of the aluminium alloys of the aluminium stripso that the electrochemical roughening is accelerated. Zinc is thereforepresent in the aluminium alloy with a concentration of up to maximum 500ppm. Higher zinc contents again have a negative influence on theroughening properties of the aluminium strip. The presence of zinc witha content of 50 ppm to 250 ppm reliably leads to an acceleratedroughening of the aluminium strip without negative effects on thesurface. The aluminium strip according to the invention is also almostfree from titanium. It contains less than 0.03% by weight titaniumwhich, above this limit value, negatively affects the properties of thealuminium alloys in electrochemical roughening. In addition, unavoidableimpurities may be present in the aluminium alloy of at most 0.03% byweight, and in total at most 0.15% by weight, without negativelyinfluencing the properties of the aluminium alloy strip in the specifiedproduction process.

According to a next embodiment, if the aluminium alloy has a magnesiumcontent of 0.26% to 0.35% by weight, a very good compromise can beachieved between improved fatigue strength properties of the printingplate support, good roughening behaviour and reduced production costs.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention will now be explained in more detail below with referenceto exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the drawing. The drawingshows in:

FIG. 1 shows a diagrammatic view, the basic method steps for productionof an aluminium strip for lithographic printing plate supports;

FIG. 2 shows a diagrammatic sectional view, the performance of a coldrolling pass with one or more cold rolling passes; and

FIGS. 3a )-3 c) show a comparison of SEM images of surface regions,which are considered good and poor, of an aluminium strip forlithographic printing plate supports.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 shows diagrammatically the various method steps in the productionof an aluminium strip for lithographic printing plate supports. Firstly,according to step 1, the aluminium alloy is cast into a rolling ingot.In step 2, the rolling ingot is subjected to homogenisation, wherein therolling ingot is heated to temperatures from 450° C. to 600° C. for aduration of at least 1 hour. The homogenised rolling ingot is preparedfor hot rolling and then hot-rolled at temperatures of over 280° C. Atthe start of the hot rolling, the temperature of the ingot is around450° C. to 550° C. The hot rolling final temperature is usually from280° C. to 350° C. The hot strip final thickness may lie between 2 mmand 9 mm; however, hot strip thicknesses from 2.3 mm to 3.7 mm arepreferred. The hot strip is sent for cold rolling in step 4. In coldrolling, the hot strip is cold-rolled to final thickness. Cold rollingand in particular the last cold rolling pass determine the surfaceproperties of the cold-rolled aluminium strip, since the surfacetopography of the cold roll is directly transferred to the cold-rolledaluminium strip. During the rolling pass, in cold rolling, defects canoccur which are then transferred to the surface or remain directlyvisible on the surface. Because of this circumstance, previously onlymoderate pass reductions of at most 50% for the individual cold rollingstep were provided, since it is known that if the pass reduction is toohigh, there is either a risk of damaging the cold rolls or regions ofthe surface of the aluminium strip are broken away, leading to surfacedefects. In view of the high requirements for homogeneity of the surfaceof lithographic printing plate supports, surfaces with unevenappearance, for example streaky surfaces, are unacceptable.

Cold rolling according to step 4 may take place both with and withoutintermediate annealing. Intermediate annealing is performed attemperatures of 230° C. to 490° C. for at least 1 hour in a chamberfurnace, or continuously in a continuous belt furnace for at least 10seconds, usually before the last cold rolling pass. Intermediateannealing allows the final strength of the aluminium strip forlithographic printing plate supports to be set within certain rangesbefore the last cold rolling pass. However, intermediate annealing alsoentails costs, so particularly cost-efficient production is preferablyperformed without intermediate annealing.

Usually, for cold rolling, rolls stands are used which perform a singlecold rolling pass, and the aluminium strip is rewound immediately afterthe cold rolling pass. FIG. 2 shows a corresponding roll stand 5 whichhas an uncoiling reel 6, a coiling reel 7, and a roll arrangement 11with two working rolls 9 and 10. FIG. 2 shows as an example a quartoroll stand. The roll arrangement may also be configured as a duo, quartoor sexto roll stand. An additional roll arrangement 11′ is alsoindicated, so that after passing through the roll arrangement 11, thestrip 8 may undergo a further rolling pass in the roll arrangement 11′,i.e. in total a multiple pass. Usually however, as already stated,individual cold rolling passes are performed and the aluminium strip 8is then coiled into a coil on the coiling reel 7. In some cases, aftercooling of the aluminium strip 8 in the coil after the cold rollingpass, the aluminium strip may be supplied to a further cold rollingpass.

FIGS. 3a ) to 3 c) show scanning electron microscope images ofcold-rolled aluminium strips for lithographic printing plate supports.FIG. 3a ) shows, at the same magnification as FIG. 3b ), a stripconsidered to be inconspicuous from the surface. The roll webs of theground rolls which have been imprinted into the aluminium strip areclearly evident. However, almost no structures are present perpendicularto the roll direction, so the overall impression of the surface isconsidered non-streaky.

FIGS. 3b ) and 3 c) in contrast show a surface region of an aluminiumstrip which is regarded as uneven, which leads to a streaky appearanceof the aluminium strip. A corresponding strip would not meet the surfacerequirements for lithographic printing plate supports. FIGS. 3b ) and 3c) show surface defects, in particular magnified in FIG. 3c ), whichhave regions extending transversely to the roll direction in which thematerial has been removed from the surface of the strip. It is assumedthat these defects are attributable to the cold rolling. The width ofthe problematic region is around 20 μm perpendicular to the rollingdirection and is evident on a visual inspection.

Aluminium strips were produced from six different aluminium alloys A toH using the method steps 1 to 3 explained above and depicted in FIG. 1.The aluminium strips were produced without intermediate annealing oncold rolling, wherein the hot strip final thickness and the passreductions on cold rolling were varied. The aluminium alloys differ inparticular in the differing contents of silicon, iron, manganese andmagnesium. The different alloy compositions are shown in Table 1 withtheir alloy constituents as percentages by weight. In addition, allalloys contained chromium at less than 50 ppm, and unavoidableimpurities individually at most 0.03% by weight and in total at most0.15% by weight.

TABLE 1 Alloy wt % Si Fe Cu Mn Mg Zn Ti A 0.092 0.438 0.0019 0.039 0.2620.0114 0.0051 B 0.084 0.420 0.0019 0.255 0.244 0.0124 0.0051 C 0.0770.435 0.0018 0.040 0.264 0.0093 0.0072 D 0.128 0.429 0.0016 0.040 0.2850.0087 0.0068 E 0.085 0.374 0.0016 0.003 0.196 0.0090 0.0050 F 0.1160.438 0.0015 0.040 0.324 0.0136 0.0075 G 0.119 0.436 0.0010 0.040 0.3230.0137 0.0058 H 0.085 0.374 0.0016 0.003 0.196 0.0090 0.0050

The hot strip final thickness of the produced aluminium strips variedfrom 2.3 mm to 3.0 mm, and from the hot strips of varying thickness,aluminium strips for lithographic printing plate supports were producedby cold rolling without intermediate annealing and with a finalthickness from 0.274 mm to 0.285 mm. The pass reductions of the firstand second cold rolling passes were selected such that, starting fromthe hot strip final thickness, a maximum of three cold rolling passes tofinal thickness were required, wherein the last cold rolling pass had amaximum pass reduction of 51%. As Table 2 shows, the product P of therelative final thicknesses after the first and after the second coldrolling passes, because of the pass reductions in the first two coldrolling passes, was 18.57% to 21.74%. This means that because of thefirst two cold rolling passes, the strip was rolled to an intermediatethickness of 18.57% to 21.74% of the hot strip final thickness.

Table 2 shows the exemplary embodiments according to the invention andthe associated pass reductions, and the values for the product of therelative end thicknesses after the first and second cold rolling passes.

TABLE 2 Hot strip 1st cold 2nd cold 3rd cold Final final rolling rollingProd- rolling thick- thickness pass (a1) pass (a2) uct P pass ness No.Alloy [mm] [%] [%] [%] [%] [mm] 1 A 2.3 57 50 21.74 45 0.275 2 B 2.3 5750 21.74 45 0.275 3 C 2.8 57 53 20.00 51 0.274 4 C 2.8 57 53 20.00 510.274 5 C 2.8 57 53 20.00 51 0.274 6 D 2.8 57 53 20.00 51 0.274 7 D 2.857 53 20.00 51 0.274 8 D 2.8 57 53 20.00 51 0.274 9 D 2.8 57 53 20.00 510.274 10 E 2.8 50 60 20.00 51 0.275 11 F 2.8 64 48 18.57 45 0.285 12 F2.8 64 48 18.57 45 0.285 13 G 2.8 64 48 18.57 45 0.285 14 G 2.8 64 4818.57 45 0.285 15 H 3.0 60 53 18.67 51 0.275

In order to examine the surfaces in relation to their suitability forlithographic printing plate supports, two tests were developed toevaluate the streakiness S of the surfaces of the cold-rolled aluminiumstrips. The test methods serve to highlight possible streakiness defectsby surface preparation and make these more easily identifiable visually.

In the so-called “K test”, the grain streakiness of the aluminium alloystrips was investigated. For this, the surfaces must be specificallyprepared to expose the grain structure. Firstly, rectangular specimens250 mm long in the roll direction and 45 mm wide were cut from thestrips. The specimens were taken both from the edge and from the centreof the strips in relation to the roll direction. The K test aims toreveal whether, because of the grain distribution, a streakiness effectcan be seen in the surface.

The specimens thus cut out were ground initially for 60 seconds using anorbital sander, wherein the oscillating sander was wrapped in a dampcloth and scouring agent was used to polish the specimens. The scouringagent used here may be a simple domestic scouring agent. After rinsingthe surface with water, the specimens were immersed in a 30% soda lye ata temperature of 60° C. for 15 seconds and then rinsed with water. Macroetching then took place in a macro etching solution. This consists of:

40 ml water,300 ml HCl with a concentration of 37%,133.6 ml HNO₃ with 65% concentration, and43.34 ml of 40% hydrofluoric acid.

The macro etching took place at around 25 to 30° C. for 30 seconds. Thespecimen was then rinsed with water again and immersed for 15 seconds inthe 30% soda lye at a temperature of 60° C. Subsequent neutralisationtook place with a solution of 40.5 ml of 85% phosphoric acid and 900 mlwater at room temperature for around 60 seconds. The specimen was thenrinsed with water and dried at room temperature. After drying, thespecimens were visually assessed for streakiness. Reference samples withvalue numbers from 1 to 10 were used for assessment of the streakinessin the K test. A comparison was made between the reference sample andthe specimen using the human eye. The specimens were then assigned thevalue number of the nearest reference sample. The value number of 10here means not streaky. The value number of 1 corresponds to a streakyappearance. This streakiness, as already stated, is caused by the graindistribution of the aluminium strips and can be easily assessed usingthis test.

As evident from Table 3, the exemplary embodiments with high passreductions of 64% in the first cold rolling pass indeed show good valuesin relation to the value number of the K test. Their surface as a wholehowever is somewhat poorer than the exemplary embodiments with lowerpass reductions in the first cold rolling pass.

It was found that, in addition to the established K test, a further testmust be used since in particular the surface defects from cold rolling,shown in FIGS. 3b ) and 3 c), were evidently not revealed by theprevious K test. This is shown by the results of the newly developedtest.

An additional pickling test was developed. The specimen was arectangular cut-out of 250 mm edge length in the rolling direction and80 mm edge length perpendicular to the rolling direction, which wasfirst subjected to degreasing in a watery solution with a degreasingmedium, here under the brand name Nabuclean 60S, at 60° C. for 10seconds. The concentration of the degreasing medium is 15 g/l. Afterrinsing with water, the specimen was immersed in a soda lye solution andetched for around 10 seconds at 50° C. The soda lye concentration was 50g/l. Then rinsing with water took place followed by drying in the dryingcabinet at around 70° C. After drying, the specimens were evaluated,wherein again reference samples were used to which values from 0 to 5were assigned, wherein the value 0 is considered not streaky and thevalue 5 refers to a surface regarded as streaky. In the pickling test,the specimens were compared with reference samples and evaluated beforeand after pickling.

No surfaces with value number 5 were found in the pickling test. Inexperiments 11 to 14, a cold rolling pass reduction of 64% was used inthe first cold rolling pass, which had a significant effect on thesurface quality in the evaluation of the specimens in the pickling test,both before performance of the pickling test and after pickling. Incomparison with experiments 1 to 10 produced with the lower passreductions, experiments 11 to 14 showed results with value numbers 3-4and 3 in the pickling test. These indicate a poorer surface quality inthis test. A pass reduction of 65% in the first cold rolling pass musttherefore be regarded as the maximum. Any increase above this level,according to our present knowledge, leads to significant disadvantagesin relation to surface quality.

All other specimens showed values of 2-3 or 3 after the pickling testand hence sufficiently good surface qualities. This means that as thepass reductions in the first cold rolling pass reduce, the surfacequality in the pickling test increases. In general, it was found thatpass reductions of at most 60% in the first and second cold rollingpasses, despite the omission of one cold rolling pass, gave goodsurfaces in the pickling test.

Thus, for various aluminium alloys which contain magnesium withdifferent hot strip final thicknesses, it could be shown that a coldrolling pass could be omitted in the production of cold-rolled aluminiumstrips for lithographic printing plate supports without influencing thesurface quality too greatly. As a result, therefore, a production methodcan be provided which, by saving one cold rolling pass, may providecheaper aluminium strips for lithographic printing plate supports.

TABLE 3 K Test Pickling test No. Alloy Edge Centre before after 1 A 53-4 1 2-3 2 B 4-5 4 1 3 3 C 2-3 2 1 2-3 4 C 2-3 2-3 2 2-3 5 C 3 3 0 3 6D 3-4 3 2 2-3 7 D 2-3 3 2 2-3 8 D 3 3-4 0 3 9 D 4 3-4 0 2-3 10 E 5 1-21-2 2-3 11 F 7 3-4 3 3 12 F 6-7 4 3 3 13 G 7 4-5 2 3-4 14 G 7 4-5 3 2-315 H 5-6 2 1-2 2-3

All references, including publications, patent applications, and patentscited herein are hereby incorporated by reference to the same extent asif each reference were individually and specifically indicated to beincorporated by reference and were set forth in its entirety herein.

The use of the terms “a” and “an” and “the” and similar referents in thecontext of describing the invention (especially in the context of thefollowing claims) is to be construed to cover both the singular and theplural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted bycontext. The terms “comprising,” “having,” “including,” and “containing”are to be construed as open-ended terms (i.e., meaning “including, butnot limited to,”) unless otherwise noted. Recitation of ranges of valuesherein are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referringindividually to each separate value falling within the range, unlessotherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated intothe specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methodsdescribed herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwiseindicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The useof any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”)provided herein, is intended merely to better illuminate the inventionand does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention unlessotherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construedas indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice ofthe invention.

Preferred embodiments of this invention are described herein, includingthe best mode known to the inventors for carrying out the invention.Variations of those preferred embodiments may become apparent to thoseof ordinary skill in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Theinventors expect skilled artisans to employ such variations asappropriate, and the inventors intend for the invention to be practicedotherwise than as specifically described herein. Accordingly, thisinvention includes all modifications and equivalents of the subjectmatter recited in the claims appended hereto as permitted by applicablelaw. Moreover, any combination of the above-described elements in allpossible variations thereof is encompassed by the invention unlessotherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.

1. A method for production of an aluminium strip for lithographicprinting plate supports from an aluminium alloy, wherein the aluminiumalloy of the aluminium strip for lithographic printing plate supportscomprises the following alloy constituents in % by weight:0.05%≤Si≤0.25%, 0.2%≤Fe≤1%, Cu max. 400 ppm, Mn≤0.30%, 0.10%≤Mg≤0.50%,Cr≤100 ppm, Zn≤500 ppm, Ti<0.030%, the remainder aluminium andunavoidable impurities individually at most 0.03%, in total at most0.15%, with at least the following steps: casting of a rolling ingotfrom an aluminium alloy, homogenising of the rolling ingot, hot rollingof the rolling ingot to a hot strip thickness, and cold rolling of thehot strip to final thickness, wherein the final thickness of thealuminium strip after cold rolling is between 0.1 mm and 0.5 mm, whereinon cold rolling, the product of the relative final thicknesses of thealuminium strip from the first and second cold rolling pass is 17% to22%.
 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the hot strip finalthickness is 2.3 mm to 3.7 mm, preferably 2.5 mm to 3.0 mm.
 3. Themethod according to claim 1, wherein on cold rolling, the first coldrolling pass is carried out with a pass reduction of maximum 65%.
 4. Themethod according to claim 1, wherein the second cold rolling pass has apass reduction of maximum 60%.
 5. The method according to claim 1,wherein three cold rolling passes to final thickness are performed, andthe final thickness of the aluminium strip after cold rolling is 0.2 mmto 0.4 mm.
 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein four cold rollingpasses to final thickness are performed, and the final thickness of thealuminium strip after cold rolling is less than 0.2 mm.
 7. The methodaccording to claim 1, wherein, during cold rolling, no intermediateannealing is performed.
 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein thethird or fourth cold rolling pass has a maximum pass reduction of 52%.9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the aluminium alloy of thealuminium strip for lithographic printing plate supports has a magnesiumcontent of 0.15%≤Mg≤0.45%.
 10. The method according to claim 1, whereinthe aluminium alloy of the aluminium strip for lithographic printingplate supports has a magnesium content of 0.24% to 0.45% by weight,preferably 0.26% to 0.35% by weight.